Compare Reunion (2004) - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007)

Compare Reunion (2004) z Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007)

	Reunion (2004)	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
Age structure	0-14 years: 30.9% (male 121,050; female 115,440) 15-64 years: 63.1% (male 238,553; female 245,236) 65 years and over: 6% (male 18,626; female 27,248) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 23% (male 827/female 790) 15-64 years: 65.9% (male 2,352/female 2,288) 65 years and over: 11.1% (male 359/female 420) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports	2 (2003 est.)	2 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
Area	total: 2,517 sq km land: 2,507 sq km water: 10 sq km	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Rhode Island	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Birth rate	19.69 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	13.08 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.26 billion expenditures: $2.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1998)	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million (1996 est.)
Capital	Saint-Denis	name: Saint-Pierre geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Climate	tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Coastline	207 km	120 km
Constitution	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Currency	euro (EUR)	-
Death rate	5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	NA	$NA
Dependency status	overseas department of France	self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas department of France)	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas department of France)	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001 est.)	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Economy - overview	The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. France heavily subsidizes the islands to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.
Electricity - consumption	1.005 billion kWh (2001)	46.5 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	1.08 billion kWh (2001)	50 million kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Environment - current issues	NA	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Ethnic groups	French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)	euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Dominique VIAN (since 16 August 2004) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils	chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Yves FAUQUEUR (since 28 August 2006) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 April 2002 (first round) and 5 May 2002 (second round) (next to be held in 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
Exports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Exports - partners	France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2000)	Spain 33.6%, Belgium 21.8%, India 18.3%, France 9.4%, US 7.5% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of France is used	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions
GDP	purchasing power parity - $4.348 billion (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 8% industry: 19% services: 73% (2000 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	2.5% (2003 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	21 06 S, 55 36 E	46 50 N, 56 20 W
Geography - note	this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean	vegetation scanty
Highways	total: 2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km (1994)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Imports - partners	France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)	France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2006)
Independence	none (overseas department of France)	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	NA%
Industries	sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.95 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 7.21 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA	8.1% (2005)
International organization participation	InOC, UPU, WFTU	UPU, WFTU
Irrigated land	120 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force	309,900 (2000)	3,450 (2005)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000)	agriculture: 18% industry: 41% services: 41% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 13.6% permanent crops: 1.2% other: 85.2% (2001)	arable land: 12.5% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.5% (2005)
Languages	French (official), Creole widely used	French (official)
Legal system	French law	the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2010) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council (second round) - percent of vote by party - PCR 44.9%, UMP 32.8%, PS-Greens 22.3%; seats by party - PCR 27, UMP 11, PS-Greens 7 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats, 15 from Saint Pierre and four from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AD 16, Cap sur l'Avenir 2, SPM Ensemble 1 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect one seat to the French Senate; elections last held 26 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2013); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects one seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.69 years male: 70.29 years female: 77.26 years (2004 est.)	total population: 78.76 years male: 76.41 years female: 81.23 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.9% male: 87% female: 90.8% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references	World	North America
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT by type: chemical tanker 1 foreign-owned: Sweden 1 registered in other countries: 1	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 202,385 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 103,073 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 7,070 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
Natural hazards	periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	fish, arable land, hydropower	fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-4.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [leader NA]	Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM; Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	766,153 (July 2004 est.)	7,036 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA%
Population growth rate	1.42% (2004 est.)	0.128% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Le Port, Pointe des Galets	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)	Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.047 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.028 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.855 male(s)/female total population: 1.011 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system
Telephones - main lines in use	300,000 est (2001)	4,800 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	489,800 (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)	0 (2 repeaters rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Terrain	mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast	mostly barren rock
Total fertility rate	2.5 children born/woman (2004 est.)	2 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	36% (1999 est.)	10.3% (1999)

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